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93 places where history happened. Many are still there; some have changed their name and their purpose; others survive only in memory and in the sources.
Today: Alameda D. Afonso Henriques / the Fonte Monumental (Fonte Luminosa)
Meeting point for the first May Day in freedom, in 1974. On 19 July 1975, the Socialist Party rally that became one of the decisive moments of the Hot Summer was held here, by the Fonte Luminosa.
Today: Aljube Museum – Resistance and Freedom
Next to the cathedral, it was a political prison from 1928 to 1965 — the one with the isolation cells the prisoners called “curros” (isolation cells) or “gavetas” (drawers). Since 2015 it has been the Aljube Museum – Resistance and Freedom.
Today: Avenida Barbosa du Bocage
It was here, on 4 July 1937, that the bomb with which anarchists tried to kill Salazar went off, as he arrived for Mass at the chapel of his friend Josué Trocado. The dictator was unhurt; the police arrested and tortured people who had nothing to do with the case.
Today: A Voz do Operário Education and Welfare Society
It was born in 1879 as the newspaper of the tobacco workers and became the largest people’s school in Lisbon. In 1949, the opposition held rallies here for the candidacy of Norton de Matos, with Maria Lamas, Isabel Aboim Inglez and Cesina Bermudes.
The Light Artillery No. 1 barracks, at the entrance to the Autoestrada do Norte motorway, was attacked on 11 March 1975 by aircraft and paratroopers in the coup attempt by Spínola’s supporters; the soldier Joaquim Carvalho Luís was killed. The dialogue between the two captains, filmed by RTP, became famous.
Today: Former court, closed since 2009
A convent turned into a court in 1843. The Plenary Court, which tried political prisoners, sat here — and it was here that Maria Alda Nogueira, Natália Correia and the “Three Marias” were tried; the Three Marias were acquitted after 25 April.
Today: Botequim bar (reopened in 2010 by new owners)
The bar Natália Correia opened in 1971 on Largo da Graça with three friends, and to which she moved the salon she held at home — where, in the words of a NOVA University guide, people discussed “literature, politics and feminism in freedom”.
Today: A Caixa Geral de Depósitos bank branch
On the first floor of this café on the Rossio, on 10 May 1958, Humberto Delgado answered “Obviously, I’ll sack him!” (Obviamente, demito-o!) when asked what he would do with Salazar if he were elected.
Today: Gelo, a seafood restaurant since 2024
A café on the Rossio where, between 1957 and 1962, the “Café Gelo Group” of dissident poets and painters used to meet; the group was banned from entering it after May Day 1962.
Today: Calçada Ribeiro Santos (formerly Calçada de Santos)
José António Ribeiro Santos, the student killed by the DGS in 1972, lived here; from here his funeral set out, one of the largest demonstrations of the final phase of the dictatorship. The street has borne his name since the first street-naming edict after 25 April.
Today: Capela do Rato (Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Bonança)
Over the turn of 1972 into 1973, Catholics opposed to the colonial war held a 48-hour vigil here. It was a woman, Maria da Conceição Moita, who announced it at the microphone; the riot police broke it up and took dozens of people away.
Today: A building with a shop on the ground floor
An advertisement from 1909 places the surgery of Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, a gynaecologist and the first Portuguese woman surgeon, here, at no. 84 Rua Nova do Almada — two years before she became the first woman to vote in Portugal.
Today: National Pantheon
Since 1990 the remains of Humberto Delgado have rested here — the “Fearless General” (General sem Medo), murdered by the PIDE in 1965 together with his secretary, Arajaryr Campos — and, since 2014, those of the poet Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen.
Today: Church of São Domingos
As 1968 turned into 1969, more than a hundred Catholics kept a vigil here against the colonial war. For that night, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen wrote the “Cantata da Paz” (Cantata of Peace): “We see, we hear and we read / We cannot ignore” (Vemos, ouvimos e lemos / Não podemos ignorar).
Today: Cantina Velha (Old Canteen) of the University of Lisbon
The Cidade Universitária canteen, opened in 1961, was the stage for the hunger strike of May 1962: 81 students refused to eat, hundreds joined them, and in the early hours of 11 May the police surrounded it and arrested them one by one.
Today: Cidade Universitária – University of Lisbon
The 1962 academic crisis began here: when Students’ Day was banned, on 24 March, the riot police charged the students. At the general assemblies that followed, Isabel do Carmo was the first woman to take the floor.
On 28 May 1911, the São Jorge de Arroios polling station was set up here. It was there that the doctor Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, registered by order of a judge, became the first woman to vote in Portugal.
Today: Coliseu dos Recreios
On 29 March 1974, less than a month before the revolution, the 1st Portuguese Song Meeting (I Encontro da Canção Portuguesa) filled the Coliseu. Censorship had cut songs, but the audience sang “Grândola, Vila Morena” in chorus and shouted “Down with repression!” (abaixo a repressão!).
Today: Cordoaria Nacional; no edifício funciona o Arquivo Histórico da Marinha
Na antiga Real Fábrica da Cordoaria instalaram-se em 1902 o Hospital Colonial e a Escola de Medicina Tropical: a medicina de que o império precisava, para tratar quem voltava doente de África e formar os médicos das colónias.
Today: D. Maria II National Theatre
The national theatre, in the Rossio. Maria Barroso made her debut here in 1944 and was José Régio’s “Benilde”; in 1948, an order from the police and the Ministry of Education took her off this stage. The company that ran it worked under censorship until the fire of 1964.
Today: Doca de Alcântara
The first action of the ARA, the armed wing of the PCP: on the night of 26 October 1970, explosive charges blew a hole in the freighter “Cunene”, which carried weapons and supplies for the colonial war and was left “flooded and immobilised in the Alcântara dock”.
In this republican centre on Calçada de Arroios, while the monarchy still ruled, Maria Veleda set up free evening courses to teach women to read and write; in 1907, the Portuguese Group for Feminist Studies gave classes here to illiterate women.
Today: Edifício Franjinhas
This was the home of the Sir, the restaurant where Celeste Caeiro worked. It turned one year old on 25 April 1974: it did not open, and the carnations bought for the celebration were given to the women on the staff — the carnations that Celeste took down to the Baixa.
At no. 3 Rua do Norte, on the corner with Praça de Luís de Camões, were the editorial offices of “A Capital”, a republican evening daily. Virgínia Quaresma, the first woman journalist in Portugal, wrote for it and lived just opposite; in 1911, the paper told the story of Carolina Beatriz Ângelo’s fight for the vote.
The regime’s official radio station was occupied in the early hours of 25 April 1974 by a small force from the Serra da Carregueira Firing Range, to serve as the MFA’s reserve broadcaster. It was fought over again on 11 March and 25 November 1975.
From the studio that the Emissores Associados de Lisboa had on the 7th floor of this building, the announcer João Paulo Diniz put “E Depois do Adeus” (And After the Goodbye) on the air at 22:55 on 24 April 1974 — the first signal of the Armed Forces Movement.
In 1951 the Centre for African Studies was set up in the house where the São Toméan poet Alda do Espírito Santo lived: Amílcar Cabral, Mário Pinto de Andrade, Francisco José Tenreiro and others met here to “get to know Africa”, away from the eyes of the PIDE.
Today: Estádio 1.º de Maio
On the first May Day in freedom, a week after the revolution, the Lisbon march ended in a rally at this FNAT stadium, which that day was renamed Estádio 1.º de Maio (May Day Stadium). At the rally, Mário Soares embraced Álvaro Cunhal.
Today: Gare marítima e Centro Interpretativo Murais de Almada nas Gares Marítimas
Inaugurada em 1943 e pintada por Almada Negreiros, foi porta de partida e de chegada do império: daqui e da vizinha Rocha do Conde de Óbidos partiram soldados para a guerra colonial, e aqui se amontoaram, em 1975, os caixotes de quem regressava de África.
Today: A building on Rua da Misericórdia
The last headquarters of press censorship, from 22 September 1969 to 25 April 1974, opposite the offices of the newspaper “República”. Newspapers delivered their proofs here for the “blue pencil”; on 26 April the building was stormed by the people.
Today: 25 April Association
From 1931 to 1971 this was the home of the “Diário da Manhã” (Morning Daily), the semi-official newspaper of the National Union, the single party of the Estado Novo (“New State”), and then of “Época”. On 26 April 1974 the people wrecked the headquarters of “Época”; since 2001 the building has been the headquarters of the 25 April Association.
At no. 116 stood República, the daily of the democratic opposition. It took part in the 25 April conspiracy, came out that day without going through the censors and, in May 1975, gave its name to one of the great crises of the revolution, the “República affair”.
Headquarters of the Portuguese Women’s Association for Peace, which from 1935 to 1952 brought women together for peace and for their rights — from Maria Lamas, its president, to Stella Piteira Santos, Isabel Aboim Inglez and Maria Alda Nogueira. The Minister of the Interior dissolved it in 1952.
The Republican League of Portuguese Women — the league of Ana de Castro Osório, Carolina Beatriz Ângelo, Adelaide Cabete and Maria Veleda — was founded in 1909 on the 2nd floor of no. 6 on this street. It was the first association to bring together the defence of feminism and of the Republic.
In 1915 the Seamstresses and Stitchers’ union had its headquarters here. It was here that Adelaide Abrantes called the women workers of Ramiro Leão & C.ª, who went on strike against the dismissal of three colleagues and were dispersed by the GNR.
In 1909 the doctor Carolina Beatriz Ângelo lived here with her husband, the republican doctor Januário Barreto. His funeral left from here in 1910; widowhood made her a “head of family”, the status with which, in 1911, she became the first woman to vote in Portugal.
Natália Correia lived on the fifth floor of no. 52 from 1953 until her death in 1993. In the 1950s and 1960s the flat hosted her salons and, in 1955, a theatre premiere behind closed doors: her translation of Sartre’s “Huis-Clos”.
Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen lived on the first floor of no. 57 from 1951 until her death in 2004. A home with its doors open to the opposition, with one side facing the river and the other the lane of the Mónicas women’s prison.
Today: Office and residential building
Created by the regime in 1944 to foster “imperial unity” among students from the colonies, it became a school of opposition and anti-colonialism: Amílcar Cabral, Agostinho Neto and Alda do Espírito Santo passed through here. The PIDE closed it in 1965.
Today: A small single-storey house
In this single-storey house on Rua de São Gens lived Angelina Vidal, a teacher, journalist and republican and socialist propagandist who championed women workers and the education of women. She died here, “almost destitute”, on 1 August 1917.
Today: Instituto Superior Técnico – University of Lisbon
Pardal Monteiro’s campus was the scene of decisive plenary meetings of the student movement: here the academic mourning of 1962 was suspended, here the PIDE raided the students’ association in 1968, and here it was decided, in 1972, to go en masse to Ribeiro Santos’s funeral.
Today: ISEG – Lisbon School of Economics & Management
In a prefabricated lecture theatre at this school, on 12 October 1972, a DGS agent shot dead the law student José António Ribeiro Santos, during a “meeting against repression”. Aurora Rodrigues was in the room.
Today: Jardim Botânico Tropical — Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência (Universidade de Lisboa)
Criado em 1906 como Jardim Colonial, recebeu em 1940 a Secção Colonial da Exposição do Mundo Português: 138 homens, mulheres e crianças trazidos das colónias foram aqui expostos ao público durante meses.
On 25 April 1974 the command post of the forces loyal to the regime was set up in the Lanceiros 2 barracks, on Calçada da Ajuda, until the soldiers themselves sided with the Movement. On 25 November 1975, the Commandos attacked the Military Police Regiment here: three people were killed.
Today: Largo Adelino Amaro da Costa
Here, on May Day 1962, the police fired bursts of machine-gun fire at the demonstrators and killed the typographer Estêvão Giro, aged 25.
Today: GNR General Command and the National Republican Guard Museum
The most symbolic of the places of April. Marcelo Caetano took refuge in the Carmo Barracks in the early hours of 25 April 1974; surrounded by Salgueiro Maia’s column and by thousands of people, he handed power to General Spínola late in the afternoon.
Today: Largo do Rato
In the revolt of February 1927 barricades went up here, and civilians and sailors were shot by firing squad beside the fountain. In 1931 the square was a front line again; in 1972, it was to the police station on the square that the police took those arrested at the Capela do Rato vigil.
In 1946, the National Council of Portuguese Women, chaired by Maria Lamas, moved its headquarters to this lane in Amoreiras. On 28 June 1947, the police closed it “without prior notice”, putting an end to 33 years of the association.
Today: Camões Secondary School
In the gymnasium of this secondary school, on 18 May 1958, Humberto Delgado held a presidential campaign rally, and the police violence was repeated afterwards. In 1945, it was here that the students from the colonies overthrew the board imposed on their House.
Today: Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho Secondary School
The country’s first girls’ secondary school (liceu), created in 1906 as the Liceu Maria Pia, and from 1933 the first to be housed in a building purpose-built for girls. Domitila de Carvalho and Maria Guardiola, two of the first three Portuguese women deputies, were headmistresses here.
Today: Humberto Delgado Airport
In the early hours of 25 April, the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) occupied Portela airport and closed the airspace. From here Caetano and Tomás left for Funchal, and here, on 30 April, Álvaro Cunhal and Conceição Matos arrived from exile on the “Freedom plane”.
Today: Lisbon Cathedral (Church of Santa Maria Maior)
The conspirators of the “Revolta da Sé” (Cathedral Revolt) met in the cathedral cloisters: a coup by civilians and soldiers, mainly Catholic in inspiration, which was to be launched on the night of 11 to 12 March 1959 and died before it was born, because the government already knew about it.
Today: The building of the former Civil Government
Seat of the Lisbon Civil Government, in a former building of the Convent of São Francisco. The PSP’s 1st Station, housed there, had cells where the political police locked up many prisoners, especially before 1938, and where trials of the Special Military Court were held.
Today: Lisbon Prison
A prison for common crimes that the political police used for political prisoners, above all in prolonged isolation. The sailors of the 1936 revolt left from here for Tarrafal, and the communist leader Militão Ribeiro died here, on hunger strike, in 1950.
Today: The MFA Command Post Museum, in the Pontinha Barracks
From 24 to 26 April 1974, the MFA Command Post operated in an annexe of these barracks. From here Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho directed the operations, and Marcelo Caetano was brought here after his surrender. Today it is a museum.
Today: Palácio da Mitra
Next to the Palácio da Mitra, the former residence of the prelates of Lisbon, the City Council opened the Mitra Asylum in 1933, where the police confined the children they caught begging. The “Mitra” police post served as a prison for the rebel sailors of 1936.
Today: The former Convent of Santa Mónica
A 16th-century convent turned into a women’s prison. It was mainly a prison for common crimes, but it took in women political prisoners — and served as a punishment for women of the opposition, such as Isabel Aboim Inglez, sent here by the Plenary Court.
Today: Praça dos Restauradores, 13
In Adelaide Cabete’s surgery, on this square, the National Council of Portuguese Women was born in 1914 — “the most important and longest-lasting Portuguese feminist association of the first half of the 20th century”. It had its headquarters here for 32 years.
Today: National Society of Fine Arts (Sociedade Nacional de Belas-Artes)
In January 1947, the National Council of Portuguese Women, led by Maria Lamas, brought together here three thousand books by four hundred women authors from thirty countries. It was a success — and the pretext for the regime to close the Council down months later.
Today: Palácio Lançada, Rua de O Século
This was the home of the newspaper O Século (The Century), where Maria Lamas edited “Modas e Bordados” (Fashions and Embroidery) until 1947 and where, in 1930, she organised the exhibition “Mulheres Portuguesas” (Portuguese Women). Virgínia Quaresma, one of the first Portuguese women reporters, also worked here.
Today: São Cristóvão Clinic, run by the Mutual Aid Association of Commercial Employees of Lisbon
A palace in Mouraria that has belonged since 1913 to the Mutual Aid Association of Commercial Employees of Lisbon. In May 1924 the First Feminist and Education Congress, the first in the country, was held in the association’s great hall.
Today: Monumento com miradouro, auditório e salas de exposições
Erguido em 1940 para a Exposição do Mundo Português e refeito em pedra em 1960, é o monumento do mito dos «Descobrimentos»: 33 figuras, uma só de mulher. Em 1975, os caixotes de quem regressava das colónias amontoaram-se aqui ao lado.
Today: Official residence of the Prime Minister
The mansion behind Parliament that the State expropriated in 1937 as the official residence of the President of the Council (head of government). Salazar lived here from May 1938 to July 1970, the month in which he died. Today it is the official residence of the Prime Minister.
Today: Palácio à espera de reabilitação, aprovada em 2024 para sede da Museus e Monumentos de Portugal
Comprado em 1940 pelo Ministério das Colónias, recebeu os conselhos do império e, em 1962, a antiga Escola Superior Colonial, rebatizada Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Política Ultramarina: a escola dos administradores das colónias.
Today: Headquarters of the INATEL Foundation
In 1946 this former palace on Calçada de Sant'Ana became the headquarters of the FNAT, the National Foundation for Joy at Work, through which the corporative State filled workers’ free time. It is still the headquarters of the INATEL Foundation, which succeeded it.
On the night of 26 April 1974, Spínola’s aide-de-camp came here to consult the National Salvation Junta and took from here to Caxias the order to release all the political prisoners. Here Spínola also received Mário Soares, back from exile, and the bankers.
Today: Palácio da Independência (Historical Society of the Independence of Portugal)
In the palace where the uprising of 1 December 1640 was planned, the Estado Novo set up the headquarters of the Portuguese Youth (Mocidade Portuguesa), the regime’s youth organisation. Abolished on 25 April 1974 itself, it made way for the Association of the Disabled of the Armed Forces.
Today: Palácio de Belém – Presidency of the Republic
Here, in 1970, the first woman to be part of a government in Portugal took office. In September 1974 the palace was the stage for the tense meetings that led to Spínola’s resignation; on 25 November 1975, for President Costa Gomes’s command post.
Today: Assembly of the Republic
The parliament where, in 1911, women were refused the vote and where, in 1975–76, twenty-seven women deputies helped to write the Constitution that prohibits discrimination on grounds of sex. Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen chaired the committee on the preamble here.
Today: Palácio Foz: public services and the National Sports Museum
A palace on Restauradores bought by the State in 1940 for the regime’s propaganda machine (the SPN, later the SNI), headed by António Ferro. Press censorship worked in the same building, with its entrance on Calçada da Glória, between 1947/48 and 1961.
Today: Parque Eduardo VII
Here, on 13 January 1975, the Women’s Liberation Movement set out to burn the symbols of women’s oppression. Some two thousand shouting men broke up the demonstration. The bonfire never happened — and the “bra burning” is a legend.
On 25 April 1974 the general command of the Portuguese Legion — the regime’s militia, created in 1936, with a network of informers and shock troops — stood in Largo da Penha de França. Surrounded by Major Jaime Neves’s column, it surrendered without incident.
The Portuguese Society of Writers was on the first floor of no. 20 on this street. In May 1965, for having given a prize to “Luuanda”, by Luandino Vieira, then a prisoner at Tarrafal, it was dissolved by the government, and its headquarters were raided and wrecked that same night.
Today: Jardim público, com a Fonte Monumental ao centro
Aberta para a Exposição do Mundo Português, em 1940, foi o centro da maior montra de propaganda do império montada pelo Estado Novo. Os brasões das colónias que o jardim recebeu nos anos 60 voltaram a dar polémica no século XXI.
Today: Residential apartment complex
In the Chiado, the headquarters of the political police: the archives, the informers and, on the third floor, interrogation and torture. On 25 April, agents fired from here on the crowd and killed four people.
In the early hours of 25 April 1974, MFA officers occupied these studios and made Rádio Clube Português the voice of the Movement: at 04:26, Joaquim Furtado read the first communiqué here. In the afternoon, it was a woman, Clarisse Guerra, who read another.
Today: A hotel, The Ivens
In the Rádio Renascença studios, on the second floor of no. 5 Rua Capelo, the first verse of “Grândola, Vila Morena”, by José Afonso, went on air at 00:20 on 25 April 1974, on the programme “Limite” — the signal that confirmed the advance of the MFA troops.
Today: Rectorate of the University of Lisbon
In the 1962 academic crisis, the rector was Marcelo Caetano: from the balcony of the Rectorate he defended the university’s autonomy and, when the government banned Students’ Day again, he resigned. The open ground in front filled with students’ plenary meetings.
Today: Praça D. Pedro IV
On the Rossio, the GNR charged Humberto Delgado’s supporters in 1958 and the police put down the May Day demonstration of 1962. On 25 April 1974, Salgueiro Maia’s column passed through here, among the crowd, on its way to the Carmo.
The former RTP studios in Lumiar were occupied in the early hours of 25 April 1974 by a column from the Military Administration Practical School. It was from here that the National Salvation Junta presented itself to the country, in the early hours of the 26th.
In 1924 the former Caminho do Forno do Tijolo was named after Angelina Vidal, a republican propagandist, with the caption “Illustrious Lecturer and Propagandist of Social Emancipation”. She did not live here: she died in 1917 on nearby Rua de São Gens.
Today: Rua José Dias Coelho
In this street in Alcântara, then Rua da Creche, PIDE agents shot dead the sculptor and communist leader José Dias Coelho on 19 December 1961. His partner, Margarida Tengarrinha, only learned of his death a week later. The street has borne his name since 1975.
On the Ribeira das Naus and Rua do Arsenal, on the morning of 25 April 1974, the soldiers of the forces loyal to the regime refused Brigadier Junqueira dos Reis’s orders to fire on Salgueiro Maia. “That was where 25 April was won” (Foi ali que se ganhou o 25 de Abril), Maia would say.
Today: Rua do Carmo
Salgueiro Maia’s column climbed this street, from the Rossio to Largo do Carmo. It was here, at the start of the street, that Celeste Caeiro gave a carnation to a soldier who asked her for a cigarette — and the carnation became the symbol of the revolution.
Today: Santa Apolónia railway station
The station of homecomings. In 1958, a crowd waited here for Humberto Delgado, and the GNR charged it. On 28 April 1974, Mário Soares and Maria Barroso arrived back from exile, to a jubilant welcome.
Today: São José Hospital
It was in this hospital that Carolina Beatriz Ângelo became the first Portuguese woman doctor to operate. On the night of 25 April 1974, it took in those wounded by the PIDE/DGS shooting on Rua António Maria Cardoso; the student João Arruda died here.
Today: Rua Adelaide Cabete, Rua Ana de Castro Osório and Rua Maria Veleda
Lisbon’s first housing development with streets named only after women: in 1976, the new streets of the Quinta dos Condes de Carnide were given the names of Maria Veleda, Ana de Castro Osório, Adelaide Cabete and Guiomar Torresão; in 1978 four more followed, among them Manuela Porto.
Today: Rua Carolina Ângelo, Rua Virgínia Quaresma, Rua Aurora de Castro, Rua Alice Pestana, Rua Olga Morais Sarmento and others
In 1988, the numbered streets of Bairro de Caselas were given names, many of them those of women pioneers: Carolina Ângelo, the first woman to vote; Virgínia Quaresma, the first woman journalist; Aurora de Castro, the first woman notary; the writers Alice Pestana and Olga Morais Sarmento; the painter Sara Afonso.
Today: Praça do Comércio
The square of the ministries, the centre of power of the Estado Novo (“New State”). At dawn on 25 April 1974 Captain Salgueiro Maia’s column from Santarém occupied it; the forces sent against it went over one after another to the Movement’s side, and the ministers escaped through a wall knocked open with pickaxes.
Today: Cooperative, bar and cultural space
A bread cooperative founded in 1904 in a working-class neighbourhood, and home to Bento de Jesus Caraça’s Popular University until 1946. According to the Democratic Women’s Movement itself, it was at an assembly here that the MDM was born, in 1968.
Today: Caxias Prison
The political prison of the Lisbon region: the South Redoubt for men from 1935, the North Redoubt for women from 1938. Eight prisoners escaped from here in Salazar’s armoured car in 1961, and the last political prisoners walked out of here in the early hours of 27 April 1974.
Today: National Museum of Resistance and Freedom
Peniche Fortress, a high-security political prison, was where the sentences of the Plenary Courts were served. Ten communist leaders, Álvaro Cunhal among them, escaped from it on 3 January 1960. Today it is the National Museum of Resistance and Freedom.
Today: The former Tarrafal concentration camp (Chão Bom), on the island of Santiago
A concentration camp opened in 1936 on the island of Santiago, in Cape Verde, to which members of the opposition imprisoned in Lisbon were deported. It closed in 1954 and reopened during the colonial war for activists of the African liberation movements, until 1 May 1974. Today it is the Museum of the Resistance.