Women of the resistance
Celeste Caeiro
Celeste Martins Caeiro
- Born
- 2 May 1933, Lisbon (parish of Socorro)
- Died
- 15 November 2024, Leiria
She worked in a restaurant on Rua Braamcamp and, on the morning of 25 April 1974, gave a carnation to a soldier who had asked her for a cigarette. He put it in the barrel of his rifle, and the gesture gave the revolution its name.
She was born in Lisbon, in the parish of Socorro, in May 1933. In 1974 she was 40, lived in the Chiado and worked at the Sir, a self-service restaurant opened in April 1973 in the Franjinhas Building, on Rua Braamcamp.12
On 25 April 1974 the restaurant was a year old, and the owners had bought carnations to give to the women customers. With the revolution out on the streets, it did not open, and the flowers were given to the women staff. Celeste went down to the Baixa. On Rua do Carmo, on the way to Largo do Carmo, a soldier asked her for a cigarette; she did not smoke, so she gave him a carnation — “you can give a carnation to anyone”, she recalled.2 He put it in the barrel of his rifle. She said she must have given out about six carnations that morning.1 The soldier was never identified.3
In April 2024, for the 50th anniversary of 25 April, she joined the parade on Avenida da Liberdade in a wheelchair, with her granddaughter, carnations in hand. She died on 15 November 2024, in Leiria hospital, aged 91.27
From the archives
The unveiling, at the end of Rua do Carmo, by the Rossio, of a plaque bearing the poem “Celeste em Flor” (Celeste in Bloom), by Rosa Guerreiro Dias, at the spot where Celeste Caeiro gave a carnation to a soldier who had asked her for a cigarette. The plaque marks the gesture 51 years on.
Original page Licença padrão do YouTube — embed permitido pelo canal oficial da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, on YouTube. The player only connects to that site when you press “Watch”.
Celeste Caeiro, then aged 81, tells in her own words the story of the carnations that became the symbol of 25 April, in a video published by Lisbon City Council on the eve of the revolution’s 40th anniversary.
Original page Licença padrão do YouTube — embed permitido pelo canal oficial da Câmara Municipal de Lisboa
Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, on YouTube. The player only connects to that site when you press “Watch”.
In other archives
These can only be viewed on each archive’s own website.
On the walks
Places
In the timeline
25 Apr 1974
Celeste Caeiro e os cravos25 Apr 2024
50 anos do 25 de Abril: desfile popular na Avenida da Liberdade15 Nov 2024
Morre Celeste Caeiro, a mulher dos cravos
They crossed paths with her

Nuno Teotónio Pereira
1922–2016
An architect and a figure among the progressive Catholics, he took part in the peace vigil at São Domingos (1968–1969) and was one of the organisers of the Capela do Rato vigil (1972). Arrested by the DGS in 1970, after the Rato vigil and at the end of 1973, he only left Caxias with 25 April.

Salgueiro Maia
1944–1992
A 29-year-old captain, he commanded the Cavalry Practical School column that occupied the Terreiro do Paço, faced down the regime’s forces without firing a shot and besieged the Carmo Barracks until he obtained Marcelo Caetano’s surrender.
Notes on the sources4
- The day of birth: 2 May 1933 (Diário de Notícias, Wikipedia, Wikidata) or 3 May (Observador).
- The exact spot where she handed over the carnation (see Rua do Carmo).
- Her job at the restaurant: “waitress and seamstress” (A Mensagem de Lisboa); other accounts say only that she worked at the restaurant.
- The posthumous decoration by the President of the Republic (8 March 2025), mentioned in a headline in Público that could not be read.
Do you know more, or do you have a document? Tell us.
Sources
- 1Celeste e Guilhermina: a flor do acaso (António Araújo, 28/7/2024). Diário de Notícias — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 2Morreu Celeste Caeiro, a mulher que distribuiu cravos aos militares no 25 de Abril. Tinha 91 anos. Observador — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 325 de Abril. Celeste Caeiro, a mulher que pintou Lisboa e o país de cravos. A Mensagem de Lisboa — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 4Celeste Caeiro. Wikipédia (português) — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 5Celeste Caeiro. Wikipédia (inglês) — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 6Onde eu estava há 50 anos por... Celeste Caeiro. Diário de Notícias — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 7«Fui para ao pé do soldado e digo assim: 'Olhe, não tenho cigarros mas tenho aqui este cravinho'»: Celeste Caeiro (1933-2024). CNN Portugal — consulted on 2 October 2026
- 8Celeste Caeiro (Q16337118). Wikidata — consulted on 2 October 2026

